• Clinical pharmacology
• Outcomes research
• Drug policy evaluation
• Health services research
• Drug safety and adverse drug reactions

The central theme of my research program, Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy Innovations (POPi), is the study of drug therapy with the goal of improving human health and quality of life.

I am particularly interested in developing models for evaluating drug effectiveness, medication use models designed to improve patient health, and effective surveillance systems to improve the safe use of medication.

I have a particular clinical interest in pediatric medicine, with specific emphases on asthma and the epidemiology and clinical management of adverse drug reactions.

Another area of interest is the translation of knowledge to aid evidence-based drug policy development. POPi contributes to solving the international drug policy crisis on two levels: the public policy level (federal and provincial), and the clinical policy level. In this way the needs of government are served to manage drug budgets, the needs of clinicians to improve patient care, and the public need to understand and improve the effectiveness, safety and cost effectiveness of drugs.

Canadian Pharmacogenomic Network for Drug Safety (CPNDS)  – Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR), Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), Genome British Columbia
The goal of CPNDS is to prevent adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in childhood by identifying predictive genomic markers for specific ADRs. Within five years, CPNDS intends to incorporate these markers into a diagnostic tool that will be used to predict and prevent ADRs in children through specific dosing recommendations for commonly used drugs based on an individual's genetic make-up. The long-term goal for this project is to develop a user-friendly, and effective ADR monitoring tool and national database, to proactively prevent adverse drug reactions in susceptible children.

Modeling trends and regional variations in asthma and health services utilization to improve care - Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
The purpose of this research is to improve our understanding of how patients with asthma use their asthma-related medications and related health care services. The information obtained through this work will be beneficial in planning and targeting interventions with patients, physicians and health care policy makers to improve the quality of medication use, and ultimately to improve the quality of life of patients with asthma.
 
Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy Innovations (POPi) research unit - Drug policy innovation with enhanced translation - Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research (MSFHR)
The mission of the Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy Innovations (POPi) Research Unit is to foster pharmaceutical policy innovation through proactive policy research, training and knowledge translation concerning the effectiveness, safety and cost management of prescription drugs.

Carleton BC, Poole RL, Smith MA, Leeder JS, Ghannadan R, Ross CJD, Philips MS, Hayden MR.  Adverse drug reaction active surveillance: developing a national network in Canada’s children’s hospitals. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2009 June 8 [Epub ahead of print]  PMID:19507171

Wong E, Carleton BC, Wright DF, Smith MA, Verbeek L, Hildebrand CA, Stannard P, Vaillancourt R, Eliot-Miller P, Ross CJ, Hayden MR.  Genotyic approaches to therapy in children (GATC): using information technology to improve drug safety. Stud Health Technol Inform 2009;143:209-14.

MacLeod S, Carleton BC.: Pharmacological Research involving Children and Adolescents:  The Canadian Context. In: Knoppers BM, Avard D, Samuel J, eds. Research involving Children & Adolescents: Canadian Context.  Les Editions Themis, Montreal, 2009.

Madadi P, Ross CJD, Hayden MR, Carleton BC, Gaedigk A, Leeder SJ, Koren G.: Pharmacogenetics of neonatal opioid toxicity following maternal use of codeine during breastfeeding: a case-control study. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Jan;85(1):31-5.

Poole RL, Carleton BC.: Medication Errors: Neonates, Infants and children are the most vulnerable! J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2008;13:65-7.

Armstrong K, Mitton C, Carleton B, Shoveller J.: Drug formulary decision-making in two regional health authorities in British Columbia, Canada. Health Policy. 2008 Dec;88(2-3):308-16.

Samii A, Carleton BC, Etminan M.: Statin use and the risk of Parkinson disease: a nested case control study J Clin Neurosci. 2008 Nov;15(11):1272-3.

Maclure M, Warren L, Willison D, Cassels A, Carleton B.: Camouflaged sampling and contacting of people from administrative databases: reaching target patients without knowing who they are. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2008 Aug;17(8):790-7.

Madadi P., Ross C.J.D., Hayden M.R., Carleton B.C., Gaedigk A., Leeder S.J., Koren G. Pharmacogenetics of neonatal opioid toxicity following maternal use of codeine during breastfeeding:  a case-control study. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2008 (advance online publication 20 August 2008 doi:10.1038/clpt.2008.157).

Etminan M, Carleton BC, Samii A.: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and the risk of Parkinson disease: a retrospective cohort study. J Clin Neurosci. 2008 May;15(5):576-7.

Prosser RJ, Carleton BC, Smith MA.: Identifying persons with treated asthma using administrative data via latent class modelling. Health Serv Res. 2008 Apr;43(2):733-54.

Tierney M., Manns B., Bassett K., Carleton B.C., Conly J.M., Evans M.J., Holbrook A., Mallery L., Man-Son-Hing M., McColl N., Nuebauer B., Peterson R., Quest D.   The Common Drug Review: Optimizing the use of prescription drugs in Canada. Can. Med. Assoc. J.  2008;178(4);432-5.
 
Mitchell B., Carleton B., Smith M.A., Prosser B., Brownell M., Kozyrskyj A.  Trends in psychostimulant and antidepressant use by children in two Canadian provinces.  Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2008 Mar;53(3): 152-9.

Ross C.J.D., Carleton B., Warn D.G., Stenton S.B., Rassekh S.R., Hayden M.R.  Genotypic approaches to therapy in childhood (GATC): a national active surveillance network to study the pharmacogenomics of severe adverse drug reactions in children.  Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 2007; 1110: 177-92.

Genotype-Specific Approaches to Therapy in Children: Canadian Pharmacogenomics Network for Drug Safety, Drs. Bruce Carleton and Micheal Hayden. Research Hospital Fund: Clinical Research Initiatives from the Canada Foundation for Innovation and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (2009).

2009 Award for Clinical Research, CIHR Institute of Human Development, Child and Youth Health (IHDCYH) for the Best Research Poster: Effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids in preventing morbidity and mortality in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the impact of coexisting asthma.  Presented at the IHDCYH Scientific Forum, Winnipeg Manitoba, May 2009.

2008 Awards for Clinical Research, Canadian Association of Paediatric Health Centres (CAPHC) and McMaster University Child Health Research Institute for the Best Research Poster: Genotypic Approaches to Therapy in Children: A National ADR Surveillance Network to Study and Prevent Severe Adverse Drug Reactions in Children. Presented at the CAPHC Annual meeting, Edmonton Alberta, October 2008.

2008 Award for Clinical Research, CIHR Institute of Human Development, Child and Youth Health (IHDCYH): Genotypic Approaches to Therapy in Children. Presented at the CAPHC Annual meeting, Edmonton, Alberta, October 2008.

2005 Award for Best Research Paper, Canadian Association for Continuing Health Education (CACHE). For the published work: Esmail L., Carleton B.C.  Collaborative Drug Therapy Decision-Making Between General Practitioners and Clinical Pharmacists Using Cellular Telephone Instant Group Conferencing: Learning at the Point of Patient Care. Presented at the CACHE Annual Meeting, Calgary, Alberta – September 2005.

2005 Award for Research Excellence, International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). For the published work: Schneeweiss S., Maclure M., Carleton B.C., Glynn R.J., Avorn J.  Clinical and economic consequences of a formulary restriction of nebulized respiratory drugs in adults: Direct comparison of randomized and observational evaluations. Br Med J.  2004;328:560-4.

Shoppers Drug Mart Professorship, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia – 1995-1996 and 1997-1998.

Master Teacher Award, University of British Columbia Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences – 1996-97

Anne Smith – Research Programme Manager
Claudette Hildebrand – National Adverse Drug Reaction Surveillance Coordinator
Dr. Bob Prosser – Senior Biostatistician/Methodologist
Dr. Lucila Castro – Associate Professor, Pharmacovigilance & Pharmacogenomics
Tingting Zhang – PhD Student, Population Therapeutics
Dr. Pat Camp – Post Doc Research Fellow, Population Therapeutics
Peter Stannard – Manager, Information Systems
Gabriella Groeneweg – Administration Coordinator
Dave Marchand – Academic Research Assistant
Brian Ko – Research Assistant
Lisa Walker – Adverse Drug Reaction Clinician Surveillor